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SQLÓïÑÔ·ÖÀà DDL¡ªÊý¾Ý¶¨ÒåÓïÑÔ(Create£¬Alter£¬Drop£¬DECLARE) DML¡ªÊý¾Ý²Ù×ÝÓïÑÔ(Select£¬Delete£¬Update£¬Insert) DCL¡ªÊý¾Ý¿ØÖÆÓïÑÔ(GRANT£¬REVOKE£¬COMMIT£¬ROLLBACK) Êý¾Ý¶¨ÒåÓïÑÔ Êý¾Ý¶¨ÒåÓïÑÔ (Data Definition Language, DDL) ÊÇSQLÓïÑÔ¼¯ÖиºÔðÊý¾Ý½á¹¹¶¨ÒåÓëÊý¾Ý¿â¶ÔÏó¶¨ÒåµÄÓïÑÔ£¬ÓÉCREATE¡¢ALTERÓëDROPÈý¸öÓï·¨Ëù×é³É£¬×îÔçÊÇÓÉ Codasyl (Conference on Data Systems Languages) Êý¾ÝÄ£ÐÍ¿ªÊ¼£¬ÏÖÔÚ±»ÄÉÈë SQL Ö¸ÁîÖÐ×÷ΪÆäÖÐÒ»¸ö×Ó¼¯¡£Ä¿Ç°´ó¶àÊýµÄDBMS¶¼Ö§³Ö¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿â¶ÔÏóµÄDDL²Ù×÷£¬²¿·ÝÊý¾Ý¿â (Èç PostgreSQL) ¿É°ÑDDL·ÅÔÚ½»Ò×Ö¸ÁîÖУ¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇËü¿ÉÒÔ±»³·»Ø (Rollback)¡£½Ïа汾µÄDBMS»á¼ÓÈëDDLרÓõĴ¥·¢³ÌÐò£¬ÈÃÊý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíÔ±¿ÉÒÔ×·×ÙÀ´×ÔDDLµÄÐ޸ġ£ CREATE CREATE ÊǸºÔðÊý¾Ý¿â¶ÔÏóµÄ½¨Á¢£¬¾Ù·²Êý¾Ý¿â¡¢Êý¾Ý±í¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âË÷Òý¡¢Ô¤´æ³ÌÐò¡¢Óû§º¯Êý¡¢´¥·¢³ÌÐò»òÊÇÓû§×Ô¶¨ÐͱðµÈ¶ÔÏ󣬶¼¿ÉÒÔʹÓà CREATE Ö¸ÁîÀ´½¨Á¢£¬¶øÎªÁ˸÷ʽÊý¾Ý¿â¶ÔÏóµÄ²»Í¬£¬CREATE Ò²ÓкܶàµÄ²ÎÊý¡£ ÀýÈ磬CREATE DATABASE (½¨Á¢Êý¾Ý¿â) µÄÖ¸ÁîΪ£º CREATE DATABASE Sales ON ( NAME = Sales_dat, FILENAME = 'saledat.mdf', SIZE = 10, MAXSIZE = 50, FILEGROWTH = 5 ) LOG ON ( NAME = Sales_log, FILENAME = 'salelog.ldf', SIZE = 5MB, MAXSIZE = 25MB, FILEGROWTH = 5MB ) ÆäÖеÄONΪÊý¾Ý¿âÎļþµÄÉùÃ÷£¬¶øLOG ONΪ½»Ò׼ǼµµµÄÉùÃ÷¡£ ÈôÐèÒª¸ü¸ß¼¶µÄÉèÖã¬Ôò»¹ÓÐ FOR ºÍ WITH ÒÔ¼° COLLATEµÈµÈ¡£ ÓÖÀýÈ磬CREATE TABLE (½¨Á¢Êý¾Ý±í) µÄÖ¸ÁîΪ£º CREATE TABLE [dbo].[PurchaseOrderDetail]( [PurchaseOrderID] [int] NOT NULL REFERENCES Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader(PurchaseOrderID), -- ¾ßÒýÓÃÍêÕûÐÔÏÞÖÆ×Ö¶Î [LineNumber] [smallint] NOT NULL, [ProductID] [int] NULL REFERENCES Production.Product(ProductID), -- ¾ßÒýÓÃÍêÕûÐÔÏÞÖÆ×Ö¶Î [UnitPrice] [money] NULL, [OrderQty] [smallint] NULL, [ReceivedQty] [float] NULL, [RejectedQty] [float] NULL, [DueDate] [datetime] NULL, [rowguid] [uniqueidentifier] ROWGUIDCOL NOT NULL CONSTRAINT [DF_PurchaseOrderDetail_rowguid] DEFAULT (newid()), -- ¾ßÏÞÖÆ×ֶΣ¬²¢ÓÐĬÈÏÖµ [ModifiedDate] [datetime] NOT NULL CONSTRAINT [DF_PurchaseOrderDetail_ModifiedDate] DEFAULT (getdate()), -- ¾ßÏÞÖÆ×ֶΣ¬²¢ÓÐĬÈÏÖµ [LineTotal] AS (([UnitPrice]*[OrderQty])), [StockedQty] AS (([ReceivedQty]-[RejectedQty])), CONSTRAINT [PK_PurchaseOrderDetail_PurchaseOrderID_LineNumber] -- Ö÷¼üÐû¸æ PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([PurchaseOrderID], [LineNumber]) WITH (IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF) ) ON [PRIMARY] ÆäÖУ¬Ã¿¸ö×ֶεĸñʽ¶¼Óж¨Ò壬²¢ÇÒÈôÓÐÐèÒª½¨Á¢²Î¿¼ÍêÕûÐÔµÄÁ´½Óʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓà REFERENCES À´ÉùÃ÷£¬Ö÷¼üÔòÊÇÓÃPRIMARK KEY À´ÉùÃ÷£¬¼ÆËãÐÍ×Ö¶Î(Computed Field)ÔòÊÇÖ±½Ó¸ø¶¨±í´ïʽµÈµÈ£¬CREATE TABLE Ö¸ÁîºÜ³£Ó㬵«ÈôÉèÖÃÆðÀ´»á½ÏΪ¸´ÔÓ£¬Òò´ËºÜ¶àÊý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±¶¼»áʹÓÃGUI¹¤¾ßÀ´Éè¼Æ¡£ ÆäËûÏñÊÇ£º CREATE INDEX£º½¨Á¢Êý¾Ý±íË÷Òý¡£ CREATE PROCEDURE£º½¨Á¢Ô¤´æ³ÌÐò¡£ CREATE FUNCTION£º½¨Á¢Óû§º¯Êý¡£ CREATE VIEW£º½¨Á¢²é¿´±í¡£ CREATE TRIGGER£º½¨Á¢´¥·¢³ÌÐò¡£ µÈµÈ£¬¶¼ÊÇʹÓÃÀ´½¨Á¢²»Í¬Êý¾Ý¿â¶ÔÏóµÄÖ¸Áî¡£ ALTER ALTER ÊǸºÔðÊý¾Ý¿â¶ÔÏóÐ޸ĵÄÖ¸ÁÏà½ÏÓÚ CREATE ÐèÒª¶¨ÒåÍêÕûµÄÊý¾Ý¶ÔÏó²ÎÊý£¬ALTER ÔòÊÇ¿ÉÒÀÕÕÒªÐ޸ĵķù¶ÈÀ´¾ö¶¨Ê¹ÓõIJÎÊý£¬Òò´ËʹÓÃÉϲ¢²»»áÌ«À§ÄÑ£¬ÀýÈ磺 ALTER TABLE doc_exa ADD column_b VARCHAR(20) NULL ; -- ÔÚÊý¾Ý±í doc_exa ÖмÓÈëÒ»¸öеÄ×ֶΣ¬Ãû³ÆÎª column_b£¬Êý¾ÝÐͱðΪ varchar(20)£¬ÔÊÐí NULL Öµ¡£ ALTER TABLE doc_exb DROP COLUMN column_b ; -- ÔÚÊý¾Ý±í doc_exb ÖÐÒÆ³ý column_b ×ֶΡ£ DROP DROP ÔòÊÇɾ³ýÊý¾Ý¿â¶ÔÏóµÄÖ¸Á²¢ÇÒÖ»ÐèÒªÖ¸¶¨ÒªÉ¾³ýµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¶ÔÏóÃû³Æ¼´¿É£¬ÔÚ DDL Óï·¨ÖÐËãÊÇ×î¼òµ¥µÄ¡£ ÀýÈ磺 DROP TABLE myTable; -- ɾ³ý myTable Êý¾Ý±í¡£ DROP VIEW myView; -- ɾ³ý myView ¼ìÊÓ±í¡£ Êý¾Ý²Ù×ÝÓïÑÔ Êý¾Ý²Ù×ÝÓïÑÔDML£¨Data Manipulation Language£©£¬Óû§Í¨¹ýËü¿ÉÒÔʵÏÖ¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ»ù±¾²Ù×÷¡£ÀýÈ磬¶Ô±íÖÐÊý¾ÝµÄ²åÈ롢ɾ³ý¡¢Ð޸ġ¢ÅÅÐòºÍ¼ìË÷¡£ ²åÈë²Ù×÷ °ÑÊý¾Ý²åÈëµ½Êý¾Ý¿âÖÐÖ¸¶¨µÄλÖÃÉÏÈ¥£¬ÈçAppend ÊÇÔÚÊý¾Ý¿âÎļþµÄĩβÌí¼Ó¼Ç¼£¬¶øINSERTÊÇÔÚÖ¸¶¨¼Ç¼ǰÌí¼Ó¼Ç¼¡£ ɾ³ý²Ù×÷ ɾ³ýÊý¾Ý¿âÖв»±ØÔÙ¼ÌÐø±£ÁôµÄÒ»×é¼Ç¼£¬ÈçDELETE ¶ÔÊý¾Ý¿âÖмǼ×÷ɾ³ý±êÖ¾¡£PACKÊǽ«±êÓÐɾ³ý±êÖ¾µÄ¼Ç¼³¹µ×Çå³ýµô¡£ZAP ÊÇÈ¥µôÊý¾Ý¿âÎļþµÄËùÓмǼ¡£ Ð޸IJÙ×÷ Ð޸ļǼ»òÊý¾Ý¿âģʽ£¬»òÔÚÔ­ÓÐÊý¾ÝµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬²úÉúÐµĹØÏµÄ£Ê½ºÍ¼Ç¼£¬ÈçÁ¬½ÓJoin²Ù×÷ºÍͶӰ²Ù×÷Projection. 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